Association between gene polymorphisms and obesity and physical fitness in Korean children

Obesity is affected by genetic factors and environmental influences. This research was undertaken to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity and physical fitness and then to analyse and compare interactions between physical fitness and obesity-associated genotypes. To investigate relationships between physical fitness and major SNPs previously reported to be related to obesity, 68 SNPs in 32 genes were genotyped in 71 Korean children. Tests were conducted to evaluate five elements of physical fitness (speed, aerobic endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility). The results obtained showed significant (P<0.02) differences in physical fitness scores for the following genotypes: CNR1 (rs1049353; GG), LEP (rs7799039; AA+AG), HHEX (rs1111875; TT), GC (rs16847015; TG+GG), LRP5 (rs4988300; GG+GT), NPY2R (rs2880415; CT+CC), PPY (rs231472; GG), UCP2 (rs660339; CT+TT), CDKN2B (rs10811661; AA+AG), and ADIPOQ (rs266729; CG+GG). Ten physical fitness-related genotypes were newly identified during the present study. This study suggests that classification of genotypes by physical fitness level could be used as an index for predicting the risk of obesity and for selecting individuals for intervention programmes. Furthermore, the study shows that even children participating in the same physical fitness improvement programme can exhibit different genotype dependencies. CITATION: Kim HJ, Lee SY, Kim CM. Association between gene polymorphisms and obesity and physical fitness in Korean children. Biol Sport. 2018;35(1):21–27. Received: 2016-11-08; Reviewed: 2017-03-29; Re-submitted: 2017-04-23; Accepted: 2017-07-15; Published: 2017-10-12. identified [8,9]. The authors supposed that obesity-related hereditary factors might be associated with physical fitness, and carried out comparisons to identify overlapping genes related to obesity. One hundred and twelve of 127 candidate genes were found to be related to exercise and physical fitness, and 42 were commonly involved in both phenotypes. Thus, it appears that these genes may be related to degree of obesity and to differences in levels of physical fitness, such as endurance, muscle strength and training response. In another study, the effects of genetic variants of the FTO gene (fat mass and obesity associate gene) were found to be suppressed by exercise, which suggested that exercise can reduce an inherited propensity to become obese [7]. Furthermore, these findings indicate that physical fitness programmes might suppress the expressions of genotypes associated with the risk of becoming obese with high levels of physical fitness, and that medical management programmes Original Paper Biol. Sport 2018;35:21-27 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.70748